South Asia: An Infinite US MNC Hunting Ground! US-India deal conforms to Hyde Act

South Asia: An Infinite US MNC Hunting Ground! US-India deal conforms to Hyde Act
Indian communists have to be remebered with Red Letters in Historyn as they finally annihilite Marxism!
Palash Biswas
Contact: Palash C Biswas, C/O Mrs Arati Roy, Gosto Kanan, Sodepur, Kolkata- 700110, India. Phone: 91-033-25659551Email: palashbiswaskl@gmail.com
LEFT TURN IN AP
Is a new national alliance taking shape around the Khammam agitation?
Sankarshan Thakur
NANDIGRAM HAS come up repeatedly in the context of the Khammam land agitation and the response of YS Rajasekhara Reddy’s Congress government to it. A protracted, and often angry, struggle by the landless backed by political groups in volatile Telangana. Sustained lack of response from the government in Hyderabad. Last week, a clash between agitators and the police. Eight dead. Thousands enraged. A cry that the Chief Minister, no less, quit owning moral responsibility. The CPM leading that cry. Here is where Nandigram comes in. Buddhadeb Bhattacharya never quit over Nandigram. Much worse happened there. So how is the CPM in a position to demand the resignation of Rajasekhara Reddy? Perhaps there is a point to be made here — the CPM is inconsistent, it should mind its mess in West Bengal in Kerala, it has no legs to stand on when it makes common cause with the landless in Khammam because it has been trying to grab land away from the people in Nandigram and Singur. That’s good rhetoric, but only rhetoric. The Congress in Andhra Pradesh can play that argument against the CPM but it cannot wish away problems that the Khammam agitation — and the police action — has created for the government. Those will follow a dynamic independent of what happened in West Bengal.
With the CPM aligning with Chandrababu Naidu’s Telugu Desam, the Andhra government has its task cut out. And it is not unlikely that the Congress, as a political entity, could also begin to feel the heat of such an alliance. The CPM-TDP partnership is fairly localised and issue-based, of course, but there are sections in the CPM hinting at possible realignments if the distance between them and the Reddy government continues to widen. And who knows, Andhra could become the platform for a new national experiment two years from now.http://www.tehelka.com/story_main33.asp?filename=Ne110807left_turn_in_PRO.asp
Indian PM warns agriculture is in crisis despite booming economy. Indian shares fell sharply in opening trade, tracking a sell-off in other Asian markets, which slipped on concerns of subprime mortgage woes taking a toll on the US economy. At 0441 GMT, the Bombay Stock Exchange's benchmark Sensex was down 440.55 points or 2.83 pct, at 15,110.44. The National Stock Exchange's S&P CNX Nifty was down 3.01 pct at 4,392.55 points.
All 30 Sensex components were in the red. In the broader market, 436 shares advanced, 1,041 declined and 28 remained unchanged. Shares across sectors were razed and yesterday's gains were undone within the first few minutes of trading.
As India and the United States released the text of the accord to implement their civil nuclear deal, Washington's point man on the issue Nicholas Burns dismissed suggestions that it violates the spirit of the Hyde Act.The two countries had struggled to sew up the agreement because India had wanted the United States to allow it to reprocess spent nuclear fuel, assure permanent fuel supplies and not penalise India by ending nuclear trade if it conducts another nuclear test.The text of the agreement showed that the first two demands had largely been met, while there was no direct mention of the consequences of another Indian test.
Political parties were today sharply divided on the Indo-US nuclear deal with Opposition BJP saying it will impact on the country's right to conduct atomic tests while the Congress terming it as a historic pact that recognises India as a nuclear power.
The Left parties, however, reserved their comments saying they will have to analyse it "thoroughly" and indicated that they would like to hold another round of discussions with the government on the issue. They are expected to come out with a reaction tomorrow.
Senior BJP leader Yashwant Sinha told PTI "the reservations that we expressed earlier are still outstanding. We have serious reservations with regard to the agreement.... I can say that our fears remain in place. They, in fact, have multiplied.
Top BJP leaders, including A B Vajpayee, who had earlier expressed reservation on the deal, met here later to discuss the 123 pact but did not come out with a formal reaction. They said the party will give a detailed reaction tomorrow after indepth study of the text.
Besides Vajpayee, the meeting was attended by senior party leaders L K Advani, Jaswant Singh, Sinha and former National Security Advisor Brajesh Mishra.
The Hyde Act, passed in December last year, provides that US President will have discretionary powers to terminate the civil nuclear cooperation if India conducts a nuclear test. "The agreement is derived from the Hyde Act," he remarked.
Congratulations, P sainath for Magsaysay Award, who reportedly spends three hundred days of the year in villages and is the greatest supporter of Buddha`s Capitalist Development and Evict Rural India for US interests with his eminent editor! I remeber his rebel role as a coordinator of Mumabai resistance. he called me that he could not include the dalit Bengali refugee issue in the agenda and was kind enough to hear my briefing with patience!As the economy surges, matters that call for the urgent attention of the public and government are ignored in favor of film starlets and beauty queens, the stock market, and India's famed IT boom. Sainath has taken a different path. Believing that "journalism is for people, not for shareholders," he has doggedly covered the lives of those who have been left behind. Sainath discovered that the acute misery of India's poorest districts was not caused by drought, as the government said. It was rooted in India's enduring structural inequalities-in poverty, illiteracy, and caste discrimination-and exacerbated by recent economic reforms favoring foreign investment and privatization. Indeed, these sweeping changes combined with endemic corruption had led small farmers and landless laborers into evermore crippling debt-with devastating consequences.
In electing Palagummi Sainath to receive the 2007 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communication Arts, the board of trustees recognizes his passionate commitment as a journalist to restore the rural poor to India's consciousness, moving the nation to action.
But , the Sainath, we used to know has changed to save the interest of his class, the ruling Brahmins!
US Indo Nuclear Deal is final. Leftistsor Rightist protest whatevermay it be, is not serios enough or intended to stall the legislation work. Indian sovereignty is now vested in US President as he is empoered to enforce Hyde Act against India! This is a century for most wanted galaxy manusmriti Order which destroys ideology as well as history. Political borders are irrelevent and Zionist Hindu US Post Modern galaxy Order rules all over. India is aspiring to be a Hindu super power which may not deal with day today problems of the suffering people. Rather a war is launched against rural India! Eviction drive is on. Riverlink project continues despite the fact that the nation is unable to manage gignatic dams. Penansular India is at the stake. Dandakar based dalit bengali refugees and tribals have to be wiped out. Coast line security Act, Environment Act, Mining Act, Labour Acts - everything is violated to serve US as well as MNC interests! Citizenship, human rights, civil rights, life and livlihood of the enslaved people of south asia is now dependent on Neo Liberal colonial rule enacted by the new strategic grouping of US, India, Japan and Australia. chemical Hubs have become the need of the hour as Asian Brown cloud envelops Indian Ocean! It is a free military zone. It is a free War Zone. An infinite Hunting ground!
Buddh Deb Bhattacharya is in Lead in charge for the Capitalist Development. However, this century will initially be rather one of capitalism than socialism. Indian communists have to be remebered with Red Letters in Historyn as they finally annihilite Marxism!"That's absolutely false," said Burns, US Under Secretary of State, addressing concerns that US assurances to help India find other sources of fuel in the event of it conducting a nuclear weapons test would violate the spirit of the Hyde Act that approved the deal in principle.
The agreement preserved intact the responsibility of the president under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 that if India or any other country conducts a nuclear test, the president will have the right to ask for the return of the nuclear fuel or nuclear technologies that have been transferred by American firms, he said.
Suspect burned in Glasgow airport attack diesAn Indian man who took part in a suspected bomb plot in Britain has died in hospital after suffering horrific burns in a botched attack on a Scottish airport nearly five weeks ago, police said on Friday.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh warned Friday against complacency over India's booming economy, saying the dividends of growth are yet to trickle down to the rural poor and farmers are in crisis. On the other hand,India and the United States unveiled the much-awaited text outlining their landmark civilian nuclear cooperation deal Friday, and analysts said it appeared to have met New Delhi's key demands.The deal aims to give India access to U.S. nuclear fuel and equipment, overturning a three-decade ban imposed after New Delhi, which has not signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty, conducted a nuclear test in 1974.Although the framework deal was approved by the U.S. Congress last December, talks over a bilateral pact, called the 123 agreement after a section of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act, had run into trouble over Indian objections to "new conditions" in it.It was finalised last month at what were seen as make-or-break talks between top officials of the two sides in Washington and is expected to be formally signed this month.
Singh, whose party came to power in 2004 on the promise of improving rural lives, is presiding over an economy that is growing at around nine percent, the fastest after China. The investment and savings rate is as high as 35 percent of national economic output, Singh said at a meeting of his Congress party in this southern Indian city,BANGALORE ,the hub of a 50-billion-dollar IT industry at the vanguard of the country's economic resurgence.
"But we cannot be complacent till the growth becomes inclusive and socio-economic development benefits more than half the population, especially in rural areas," Singh said.
India's rain-dependent agriculture, which contributes about a fifth of economic output but is a direct or indirect source of livelihood for two-thirds of its billion-plus population, is growing at less than a quarter the pace of the overall economy.
Annual per capita foodgrain production declined from 207 kilograms (455 pounds) in 1995 to 186 kilos last year. The rate of agricultural growth fell from five percent in the mid-1980s to less than two percent in the past five years.
India, the world's second-largest wheat producer, exported no wheat last year after shortages forced it to import the commodity for the first time in six years. Despite the Indian economy growing at a sizzling pace, thousands of debt-ridden farmers have committed suicide after crop failures.
Prosperity and crisis alternate constantly in capitalism, but behind this up-and-down process are tendencies towards an extension and further development of capitalism, which is nowhere near its end. Overstretched British troops face escalating mental problems the longer they stay on frontline duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, a study showed on Friday.Those deployed for 13 months or more in a three-year period were more likely to have symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, The King's College London research revealed.
US President George W. Bush has invited major world economies to a multinational climate change conference in Washington on September 27-28, the White House announced Friday.
The death toll from a collapsed U.S. highway bridge rose to at least five and was expected to climb more as divers felt their way through murky Mississippi waters to victims, authorities said on Friday. Rescuers spent an entire day extracting the fifth fatality from under mounds of debris, Minneapolis Fire Chief Jim Clack said. He said another victim had died in a hospital, but the local coroner did not confirm either death.
The cost to the taxpayer of Labour's special leadership conference in Manchester in June must be investigated, a Liberal Democrat MP has said.Paul Rowen is demanding a parliamentary watchdog inquiry claiming the "publicity stunt" at which Gordon Brown was formally appointed as party leader should have been paid for from party funds.
"Agriculture in many parts of the country is in a state of crisis," said Singh, an economist who in 1991 introduced reforms that ended four decades of socialist-style insulation by opening the doors to foreign investors.
"The fact that farmers are compelled to resort to suicides is a matter of deep concern for all," he said.
In May, Singh announced a six billion US dollar package to try and help poor farmers. The funds for investment in technology and infrastructure to bring crops to market more efficiently will be made available to India's 29 states over a four-year period.
On Friday, the premier pledged to improve living standards in the countryside by building state-of-the art power plants, roads, telecommunications, housing, healthcare and education facilities.
More than 200 people have died in monsoon flooding in South Asia in the last 10 days while more than 10 million remained marooned in their villages or homeless on Friday, with many having no access to health care.The threat of water-borne diseases is rising, with many villages cut off for days. Some people have been bitten by snakes flooded out of their pits, others crushed under the rubble of their houses, and many drowned by rising flood waters.
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) said the floods were causing "havoc" and "chaos" in the region, with around 20 million affected and could be the worst in living memory in some areas.
The South Korean government has told Taliban insurgents holding 21 Koreans there is a limit to what it can do to resolve the hostage standoff that has stretched into a third week, an official said on Friday.
"That right is preserved wholly in the agreement. We're releasing the agreement on our website on Friday afternoon and people will see that when they cite the text," Burns said in an interview with Council on Foreign Relations, a leading US think tank.
Asked if he saw enough movement in the US Congress that there might be a vote this autumn to approve the deal, Burns said, "We hope so." But noted that two things have to happen before it goes back for a final vote in Congress.
"First, India has to conclude a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which I expect will happen in the next 30 to 35 days.
"Secondly, the Indians will need to convince the Nuclear Suppliers Group, this is the group of 45 nuclear energy powers in the world, that it should give the same kind of international treatment in terms of civil nuclear trade to India that the United States would have just given bilaterally.
"Once those two steps are taken, then perhaps by November or December we'll be ready to formally send this agreement to Capitol Hill for a final vote. We hope that vote will mirror the Hyde Act vote which was, of course, an overwhelming vote in favour of India and the United States by Congress," Burns said.
Asked what safeguards had been provided to ensure that India would reprocess nuclear material only for civilian use, he said Washington had agreed to confer reprocessing consent rights, as it's called, on the Indians because of two factors.
"Number one, the Indians offered and have now agreed to construct a state-of-the-art processing facility and all the foreign fuel shipped into India will go through that plant to be reprocessed. It will be fully safeguarded by the IAEA, fully transparent and monitored by the IAEA. That will give the entire international community an abundance of reassurance that there is no diversion to the weapons programme.
"Secondly, US law states that while we can promise reprocessing consent rights, we have to negotiate a subsequent agreement. We will do that and Congress will have the right to review that agreement," the official said.
The deal would end India's nuclear isolation and bring it more securely in line with global safeguards, said Burns. "I think it speaks to the modern-day needs of the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) as well as what we need to do to strengthen it in the years ahead."
Asked if the deal addressed US concerns that India would support efforts to press Iran to abandon its suspected nuclear weapons programme, Burns said it doesn't speak of political issues in the text of the agreement as it was a technical agreement of the type that US has done with Japan, Russia, China, and the European Union in the past.
"But apart from that, we have been very actively involved in counselling the Indian government that they should remain with the rest of the international community in arguing to the Iranians that they should not become a nuclear weapons power, number one. And number two, we hope very much that India will not conclude any long-term oil and gas agreements with Iran," Burns said.
"And so I trust the Indians will maintain this policy of not in any way, shape, or form assisting the Iranian government in its nuclear plans, and in giving the right advice to the Iranian government that we would expect any democratic country to give" he said, noting that the Indians had voted with US at the IAEA board of governors against Iran on two occasions.
The once-estranged democracies had agreed that nuclear cooperation would be "on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty, non-interference in each other's internal affairs ... and with due respect for each other's nuclear programs," it said.
"This agreement shall remain in force for a period of 40 years," the text said. "It shall continue in force thereafter for additional periods of 10 years each."
In Washington, where some lawmakers and disarmament experts oppose the pact, State Department deputy spokesman Tom Casey called it "a win for everyone" because it brought India's program into the international non-proliferation system.
"MATURE DEAL"
The pact has to be approved by Congress, while India needs to get clearances from the Nuclear Suppliers Group of nations that govern global civilian nuclear trade and also conclude an agreement to place its civilian reactors under U.N. safeguards.
"The United States will support an Indian effort to develop a strategic reserve of nuclear fuel to guard against any disruption of supply over the lifetime of India's reactors," the text said.
If despite these arrangements fuel supply is disrupted, the two countries would jointly convene a group of friendly supplier countries such as Russia, France and Britain to restore supplies to India, it said.
While both countries would have the right to end the pact with a year's advance notice and demand the return of fuel and equipment transferred, "the two parties recognize that exercising the right of return would have profound implications for their relations," the agreement said.
In what Indian officials said was an indirect reference to a future Indian nuclear test, the pact said the two sides had agreed to take into account whether "circumstances that may lead to termination" resulted from a "changed security environment" or "a response to similar actions by other states."
In other words, if Pakistan or China conducted nuclear tests, the U.S. would take that into account if Indian responded.
Indian officials had last week said they were satisfied with the pact and analysts and lobby groups echoed that on Friday.
"On the face of it, it's all there. It's a very mature deal," said Robinder Sachdev of lobby group U.S. Indian Political Action Committee.
"It covers very clearly the basis for moving ahead. It shows both governments want to engage in a mature and sophisticated manner with each other in the next half a century," he said.
Randeep Ramesh writes well. Pl read:But Nehru pursued a strategy that would build up the country's technological capacity, not employ people. He set about institutionalising innovation and spent money on a network of world-class science universities rather than universal primary education. Nehru built huge dams. He took pains to create an atomic industry and cultivate brilliant scientists.
In a sense, he laid the foundations for an idiot savant economy that can do the impossible but fumbles the mundane. India turns out more scientists than far wealthier China, but cannot get all its children to school. While the country's business houses prowl the world picking off weaker western companies, they cannot acquire land at home because villagers protest violently against forcible takeovers.
This disparity in productivity is India's greatest asset and liability. Workers in the private organised sector are ten times more productive than those in the "unorganised sector". The emphasis on capital-intensive growth has helped India achieve impressive results with fewer resources. It is estimated that in 2007, India will grow at 9 per cent - a fraction behind its larger northern neighbour. Remarkable, given that India is achieving this growth with just 50 per cent of China's investments and 10 per cent of China's foreign direct investment.
Hoping for a miracle
But the flipside is that while new management graduates in India are offered 10,000 rupees (£120) a day in salaries, cotton farmers struggle to make 10,000 rupees in a whole season. Crossing between these two worlds rarely happens because it requires workers with skills, education and opportunity. India will have to pour more money into health and education as well as create the kinds of industries that can offer the rural poor a chance out of poverty. It needs to change its labour laws - at the moment you need government permission to shut down a factory with 100 workers in it. Clearly this is a deterrent to setting up shop in India.
For the first 1,500 years of the past two millennia, India and China dominated the world economy. Then came the western industrial revolution, which propelled smaller and less populous nations to wealth and power. The Asian giants were overtaken first by Britain, then by the rest of Europe, and finally by the United States. But in the same way as commentators refer to the 1900s as the "American century", the 21st century is forecast to be Asian. If the scale and speed of growth can be maintained on both sides of the Himalayas, by 2050 Beijing and Delhi will be the capitals of the two richest nations on the planet.
It is worth being sceptical about such claims. Historically there is no precedent for such a transformation. Britain and America took a century each to achieve primacy and had far fewer people to deal with. India and China have a billion-plus people each. Both nations expect to maintain growth rates of near 10 per cent. "What these two countries propose," wrote Willem Buiter of the London School of Economics, "is growth on a scale that is more than 200 times larger than what the UK and US managed." Such events are not beyond the bounds of possibility, but they have never happened before. Growing painsRandeep Ramesh
Published 02 August 2007http://www.newstatesman.com/200708020028
And see this LEADER ARTICLE published in Times of India: Buddha Can Show The Way3 Aug 2007, 0054 hrs IST,Kaushik BasuI had argued in these columns last week that changes in the states of Bihar, Orissa and Bengal raise the possibility of an industrial resurgence in the eastern region of the nation.
The source of West Bengal's change is the CPM's recent realisation of what the Chinese realised in 1978 — that good economic policy has nothing to do with one's fondness for or dislike of big companies and capitalists.
In today's world, with free-floating capital and footloose corporations, if you are in charge of just a region, or even a country, and want your workers to be employed and paid decent wages, you have no choice but to welcome capital. In an interview in 2005, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee said, "I want investment. Money has no colour or nationality... We cannot dwell in the past. Look at China. Does it have any problems accepting investments from capitalist countries? Does Vietnam not want American capital?"
From the manner in which re-industrialisation is being attempted in West Bengal, there are signs that the government is trying to take a page out of China's book of "capitalism by fiat". The state government is using its party power and proximity to the unions to forcibly acquire rural land and other rights for big business houses to start up large industrial projects.
The state has struck deals on steel, port development, hydro-chemicals, and food processing with large corporations — all in the last two or three years. It had earlier persuaded IBM and Wipro to start operations in the state; and has received investment from Pepsi and Mitsubishi. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Editorial/LEADER_ARTICLE_Buddha_Can_Show_The_Way/articleshow/2251758.cms
Pl Read this Article also to understand the mechanism:
Profit without End: Capitalism Is Just Getting Startedby Michael Heinrich
http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/heinrich280707.html
After two World Wars, a global economic crisis which eclipsed all previous crises, and after National Socialism and the Holocaust, the USA established itself as the hegemonic capitalist power with the Soviet Union as its antagonist. Exceptional economic and political circumstances in Western Europe and North America led to a prosperity without precedent in the years between 1955 and 1974, which also contributed to the capitalist development of Japan. During the period of this "economic miracle," real income increased dramatically, and welfare state expenditures were expanded. Capitalism, at least in the metropolis, seemed to have transcended crisis and poverty.
However, in the late seventies and eighties it became clear that the global economic crisis of 1974/75 did not merely constitute an interruption of this economic miracle. Capitalist development remained prone to crisis, and as usual escape was sought in increased exports and accelerated technological development, above all in an increased exploitation of the forces of labor. Real income stagnated or declined, welfare state expenditures were continually reduced.The period of the economic miracle was merely an episode in the development of capitalism. However, its influence dug deep into the collective subconsciousness, above all in Germany. Within the rather leftist part of the political spectrum there still exists the belief that, with the "correct" economic policies, full employment can be conjured up; "unchained" capitalism must simply be properly regulated again. But the period of the economic miracle also dominates the perceptions of the more radical left, as the development of capitalism since the miracle is perceived as a plunge towards a final crisis, or at least as a period of decline for capitalism -- as if it were ever the purpose of capitalism to spread full employment and welfare among the people. Crisis and unemployment are in no way a sign of capitalist decline; they are capitalist normality.
The expansion of capitalism continued vigorously, above all in East Asia. The rise of the four "little Tigers" (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea) in the seventies and eighties was followed at the beginning of the nineties by the four "little dragons" (Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines).
With the collapse of the Soviet Unionthe geopolitical system of coordinates was altered. On the one hand, western capital now had direct access to Eastern Europe and Russia. On the other hand, the East Asian emerging economies were no longer useful as bulwarks against "Communism." As a massive speculative bubble burst in 1997/98 and substantial industrial overcapacities were evident, the crash of these economies did not disturb the leading capitalist countries. There no longer existed a geopolitical opponent into whose hands the crash could play.
Against this background, a global competitive capitalism emerged in the nineties, which was spurred by an internationalized financial system that had developed in the seventies and had continuously grown ever since. Not only were new markets opened up globally; possibilities for increased profit were exploited via international valorization chains.
At the same time, the neo-liberal credo of a lean state without debt reached the high point of its effectiveness. In constant tax-cut rounds, business and upper income groups were relieved and state budgets subject to a permanent imperative of austerity which demanded the cutting of social services and the privatization of state firms.
For capital, the conditions of valorization improved, and new spheres of investment opened up: not only privatized state businesses, but also privatized care industries (health insurance, elderly care). The "individual responsibility" constantly demanded of citizens ultimately meant that they had to pay more, so profit could be made in new sectors. The further development of capitalism, the subsumption of new spheres of existence under the logic of profit maximization, is already underway in the developed capitalist countries.Global Competitive Capitalism
Poverty Capitalism in the 21st Century
With China and India, two new capitalist powers became clearly noticeable in the 1990s which, with 1.3 and 1.1 billion residents respectively, comprised more than a third of the global population. Both countries had experienced enormously high rates of economic growth over the years. Whereas in China the mass of the forces of labor were exploited under conditions resembling those of early capitalism so that the world market could be flooded with cheap products, India has managed to bring about, via enormous investments in the educational system, a great deal of highly qualified and nonetheless cheap forces of labor (engineers, software developers, pharmacists) which are particularly attractive for foreign investors. At the same time, income disparity as well as differences in regional development in both countries has increased sharply.
The capitalist development of India and China is at its very beginning; it may have a substantial influence upon global economy and politics in the future. If in the course of the next few decades a middle class with purchasing power emerges -- albeit comprising merely 20 to 30 percent of the population, with the rest living in poverty -- in them, that alone would constitute a market of 600 to 700 million people, far larger than the expanded European Union. At the same time, the massive army of poor people ensures a stream of cheap labor for the decades ahead. For capital, all manner of things might become scarce in the 21st century, but cheap labor will not be among them. The rate of surplus value will increase worldwide -- relative surplus value increases with technological development, absolute surplus value with the extension of the working day and the sinking of real wages.
That even in the midst of economic upswings workers will be forced to accept a lengthening of the working day and cuts in wages, as is currently the case with employees at Deutsche Telekom, will no longer be an exception in the future. It will simply not be noticed as much. In Germany, the largest growth of jobs has occurred in the temporary labor sector. In order to impose deteriorations in working conditions, one no longer has to change collective bargaining agreements and fire workers. It's enough simply to not renew employment relationships.
Insecure employment conditions are expanding, but the talk of a "precariat" presumes a non-existing commonality of interests. A non-skilled woman who commutes between a "mini