LIPSTICK EFFECT On Mother Tongue ENDANGERED

LIPSTICK EFFECT On Mother Tongue ENDANGERED

Troubled Galaxy Destroyed Dreams: Chapter 168

Palash Biswas
http://troubledgalaxydetroyeddreams.blogspot.com/

Lip service
Do women buy more lipsticks to cheer themselves up during a recession? Shuma Raha finds out if the so-called “lipstick effect” has kicked in here in India
So you can’t afford to splash out on that ultra luxe Fendi it bag right now. Not when the economy is down in the dumps and you are wondering if you’ll get that fat bonus this year. And certainly not when you’ve already had a fair ... | Read..

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Indian languages ‘endangered’: Unesco









New York: With 196 of its languages listed as endangered, India tops the Unesco’s list of countries having the maximum number of dialects on the verge of extinction.

India is closely followed by the U.S. which stands to lose 192 languages and Indonesia, where 147 are in peril.

These facts were revealed in the latest Atlas of World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing unveiled by the Unesco. — PTI



Atlas shows world losing its tongue


Paris About 2,500 of the world’s roughly 6,000 languages are in danger of disappearing, a team of linguists said as they launched an online atlas of those that are endangered.

The atlas says 200 languages have become extinct in the past three generations and 199 have fewer than ten speakers. Among those recently classified as extinct is Eyak, whose last speaker died in Alaska last year. The atlas is Unesco’s third that lists disappearing languages and is the first one to go online. All parts of the world are affected, including France, the US and Africa. (AP)


Bangladesh observed International Mother Language Day Saturday as tens of thousands of people visited Shaheed Minar (language martyrs memorial) in capital Dhaka, paying tributes to the martyrs of 1952 language movement.
President Zillur Rahman and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina laid wreaths at the altar of Shaheed Minar at Friday midnight, leading the nation in paying homage to the language movement martyrs.

Toddlers holding their mothers' hands or riding on their fathers' shoulders also joined the wave of people in showing respect to the language martyrs.

On this day in 1952, police opened fire on a procession of Dhaka University students who demanded that Bengali must be the one of the state languages of the then Pakistan. Several students were killed, forcing the Pakistani government to recognize Bengalias one of the state languages of Pakistan.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) declared Feb. 21 the International Mother Language Day on Nov. 17, 1999 to honor the supreme sacrifice of language martyrs.

Political parties and socio-cultural organizations observed the day by organizing discussions, cultural programs and book fairs highlighting the significance of the day.

Though it is a mourning day, general people observed it as a day of pride and festivity. In their colorful dresses, children were seen joining book fairs or cultural shows.

The authorities tightened the security to ensure peaceful observance of the day.


For a good start, pupils should learn in the mother tongue!

How do we learn MOTHER Tongue after all?

Do we learn it at HOME or in the School?

The people who have ever gone through a phase of HOLOCAUST or MASS EXODUS in its History know very well the ART of SURVIVAL and this SURVIVAL STRATEGY has to deal with Mother Tongue. Anglo SAXON supremacy deals with ENGLISH. Zionism depends on HEBREW. SUPER ECONOMICS Japan lives in Japanese. RUSSIA seeks RESURRECTION in COLD RUSH just because of its Linguistic nationality, RUSSIAN. We know well the saga of GREEK, ROMAN, GERMAN and FRENCH nationalities. The Muslim world identifies its universal nationality with ARABIC as HINDUTVA banks on Hindi!

Since we belong to the COMMUNITY which has the most BLEEDING experience of Partition HOLOCAUST as well as EXODUS, since we had to be ejected out of BENGALI GEOPOLITICS just because of an unethical BRAHAMINICAL HEGEMONIC VENDETTA as man made calamity PARTITION struck our ancestors, we had the greatest challenge to survive with our NATIONALITY as well as IDENTITY.

WE had to defend our DREAMS, WINGS, RITUALS, MYTHS, SUPERSTITIONS, TOTEMS, FESTIVALS, RELIGION, ARTS, SONGS, DANCE, CRAFT, CULTIVATION, LIVELIHOOD, HOME, WOMEN AND CHILDREN, CIVIL AND HUMAN RIGHTS, HISTORY AND TRADITION, ILLUSION, EXPECTATIONS, ASPIRATIONS AND SO ON.. WE HAD TO DEPEND ON THE MOTHER LANGUAGE WHICH HAD TO BLOOM IN ALIEN REFUGEE CAMPS AND COLONIES, SETTLEMENTS!

In fifties and sixties every Bengali Refugee colony would do the first thing in raising a BENGALI SCHOOL. Our people preferred unrecognised unaided private Bengali Schools to govt schools just because they wanted to remain as BENGALI who speak, learn and express in Bengali.

I remember so many incidents while our people resettled in DINESHPUR, in the TERAI of NAINITAL put on stiff RESISTANCE while the JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL run by them was taken over by the DISTRICT Board. We struggled for almost FIVE years until 1970 to sustain BENGALI language, management, Script and so on. I led the first ever strike in my High school upgraded by the district board and run by a FREEDOM FIGHTER like SHYAM LAL VERMA with the demand that BENGALI must be taught and the question paper should be in Bengali script only.

It was not that our people were against HINDI or Devanagari. Bengali Refugees resettled anywhere in this world never lost the opportunity to learn languages! but at the same time they tried hard to SUSTAIN their Linguistic identity.

We had no objection from the local population as we adopted their languages very soon. HOUSE wives in DANDAKARANYA do speak in four or five languages

I must be proud that our people are very communicative. So much so, that all over the country, local communities do stand with us ROCK SOLID while we get DETACHED and HATEFUL returns from BENGAL boasting to HOST BENGALI NATIONALITY.

I was double benefited as in the TERAI of NAINITAL .

Our people were resettled with SIKH and RAI SIKH People since Partition HOLOCAUST.

We shared our SORROW and PLEASURE.

We shared in STRUGGLE and RESISTANCE.

We learnt from EACH OTHER and turned the JUNGLE of NAINTAL into a HEAVEN named MINI INDIA.

I was lucky to have different flavours of languages and dialects.

Our people would speak in different dialects, different in every village. We had to interact in GURMUKHI, KUMAUNI, Hariyanvi, URDU. MARWAD, BUKSHAR, THARU, BHOJPURI, AWADHI, BRAJ, DESI, GARWALI besides HINDI, ENGLISH and BENGALI.


Since we loved our MOTHER Tongue we always were PROACTIVE to learn any other language!


Renaissance, Colonisation, Industrialisation,Modernisation, Science and Technology, Feudalism, Centralisation of power, Repression of Nationalities, Urbanisation, Retail chain, globalisation and so on! The FUCKING thing of INFORMATION Explosion! Everything, everything related to TRI IBLIS Global ORDER has ensured DEATH for most of the languages on the EARTH.

Only those languages have to SURVIVE which may generate STRONGER nationalities with AFFLUENT Purchasing power to sustain it!

Now, the Linguistics as well PHONETICS do originate from the STRATEGIC Market.

It is only Strategic Marketing which decides the scales of AESTHETICS nowadays.

Thus, Tongue is DISASSOCIATED from MOTHER.

It has to do something with Cosmetics! As it is the LIPSTICK EFFECT on the Endangered MOTHER TONGUE worldwide.

It is quite unfortunate that the MOTHER herself does not speak in her language! Global valentine Day ritual and the mass involvement of HOUSE WIVES have set the TREND! NOW mothers do speak the language relevant to Market and COMMUNICATIVE enough to deal with the RULING hegemony.

Thus, Mother Tongue is DESTINED to DIE an UNNATURAL DEATH and there won`t be anything like National or international mourning day

The study of languages belongs to linguists. But the reason so many tongues face extinction while others thrive has nothing to do with their grammar or intrinsic worth. Rather, they more often reflect the power or powerlessness of groups that speak them. Unesco, the United Nations agency, has just published a new electronic map and database showing endangered languages around the world. The project amazes us with the world's language diversity; it also saddens us to see so many are in danger of becoming extinct or have already disappeared. Those who speak threatened languages usually belong to minorities and marginalised groups.

Researchers have established that learning is most efficient when the mother language is used. The vernacular is the best medium of instruction in the formative years. However, many African countries, Kenya included, continue to allow a single foreign language to dominate learning.

Learning through a language that students do not speak in their natural environment has been called by experts “submersion” because it is like holding a learner under water without teaching him how to swim. Submersion makes teaching and learning extremely difficult particularly when the language of instruction is also foreign to the teacher.

Mother tongue-based education, on the other hand, uses the learner’s first language to teach beginning reading and writing skills along with academic content. Learners gradually transfer skills from the familiar language to the unfamiliar one.

The mother tongue should be used at least in the early years so that students may acquire and develop literacy skills in addition to understanding and participating in class. It offers significant teaching advantages.

Learners who are first taught in the mother tongue for at least six years have a greater chance of education success.

Globalisation and CORPORATE IMPERIALISM do work with Excellent language work in the same manner as the RELIGION worldwide use the HOLY SCRIPTS and DIVINITY to enslave and DESTROY the PRODUCTIVE forces.

United Nations is an appropriate FORUM to implement the AGENDA ZIONIST with surgical precision. RIGHT to EDUCATION happens to be World Bank programme which does ESCALATE the scale of COSMETIC SURGERY on the RURAL FACE of the NATURE!

Globalisation has to kill the Indigenous, aboriginal and minority NATURE ASSOCIATED people simply because the HARMONIES have to Capture all NATURAL as well as HUMAN resources. Thus, nationalities and identities have to be KILLED first before MASS DESTRUCTION!

BANGLADESH is the latest example how the MOTHER TONGUE creates a NATIONALITY surpassing Politics, ECONOMICS and RELIGION!

INdia is another example rather in a different sense. India, second fastest growing economy! The India shining homes largest number of languages endangered!

The United Nations cultural agency UNESCO says more than 100 languages in Australia are in danger of extinction.



The latest edition of UNESCO's atlas of world languages in danger was launched in Paris yesterday and shows almost half the 6,700 languages spoken worldwide could disappear.

Sarah Cutfield from the Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies says the map is a great resource for those working to preserve traditional languages.

She says there is still hope for languages such as Dalabon - from south-western Arnhem Land - as long as it is passed on to the next generation.

"There's only about five fluent speakers of Dalabon that are still remaining and they're spread throughout the Territory," she said.

"So there's a lot that needs to be done to document this language before these elderly speakers pass away."



Politics and the RULING as well as RESISTANCE Hegemony do engage themselves in language RIOTs to mobilise RESPECTIVE Vote BANK. In Maharashtra, ILLUMINITI rule is exposed more than life while the SLOGANS like AMMACI MUMBAI or MARATHA MANUSH flare up BLIND NATIONALISM as HATRED CAMPAIN subverting the ECONOMIC question. the Nationalists do play the role of marketing agents of Desi ILLUMINITI, REALTY and construction sector escalating DISPLACEMENT, DEINDUSTRIALISATION, PRIVATISATION, RETAIL CHAIN, SEZ, HUBS, MALLS, URBANISING!



In kolkata, the Present President of Indian Sahitya Academy, SUNIL GANGOPADDHYAY happnes to be the protagonist of BENGALI language and nationality who deny space for other languages and launch HATERD CAMPAIGN against NON Bengalies.



Now FIRE BRAND Leader MAMATA BANNERJEE takes over.Mamata to set up martyrs memorial, beautify park with MPLAD!



A martyrs column would be set up in her South Kolkata Lok Sabha constituency in memory of those killed in 1952 demanding Bengali as the state language in erstwhile East Pakistan, now Bangladesh, from her MPLAD fund, Trinamool Congress chief Mamata Banerjee announced on 21st FEB,2009.



Banerjee who was speaking at a function to celebrate UN International Mother&aposs Language Day said the martyrs column would be set up at Deshapriya Park at a cost of Rs 20 lakh.



She also announced an equal amount from the MPLAD fund for the beautification of Chetla Park in honour of the Nobel laureates.



On the other hand, The West Bengal government presented prime minister Sheikh Hasina 100000 pieces of rasagolla, a popular Bengali syrupy dessert., Saturday, the International Mother Language Day.

Subhas Chakraborty, West Bengal's transport minister, handed one of the sweets packets to Jessore-1 MP Sheikh Afil Uddin at a ceremony at No-Man's Land near Benapol Land Port in Jessore around 11am.

The sweets have been given as a gesture of goodwill on the victory of Hasina-led Awami League in the general elections and in appreciation of the development of democracy in Bangladesh.

Bengali-speaking people from either side of the border joined a fair, seen as reunion of sorts, where the ceremony took place. A daylong cultural function followed..

Amitabh Nandy, a member of Indian Lok Sabha, Jessore-2 MP Mostofa Faruq Ahmed attended the ceremony.




Manx, Aasax, Ubykh, Eyak: Once spoken in, respectively, the Isle of Man, Tanzania, Turkey, and Alaska, all four languages have died out in the last 35 years. Of the 6,000 or so languages still heard in the world, about 2,500 are at risk, and 199 have fewer than 10 speakers left, according to Unesco.

To bring attention to the plight of these endangered linguistic species, Unesco today unveiled an interactive online version of the latest edition of its Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. (The print edition comes out next month.) The atlas draws on the work of more than 30 linguists, supervised by its editor in chief, Christopher Moseley of Australia.

Users of the atlas can search by country or area, language name, number of speakers, or vitality, which includes five categories: unsafe, definitely endangered, severely endangered, critically endangered, and extinct. Each search takes you to a Google map with balloons that mark the home turf of each language; click on a balloon and you get a series of virtual notecards that give you that tongue’s name(s), latitude and longitude, number of speakers, and status. The Unesco team clearly hopes to add outside expertise to its work; users can record comments or corrections for each entry.


But there are some RAYS of HOPE in far Away DISTANCES!

On Saturday, as we celebrated the International Mother Language Day WORLDWIDE, which is observed on February 21 every year throughout the world, we also marked the first ever doctoral dissertation in a Kenyan mother tongue. As SUNDAY NATION REPORTED:

Gatua wa Mbugwa made history this month when he submitted his PhD thesis, written in Gikuyu, to the department of plant sciences of the University of Wyoming, the US.

Mr Mbugwa teaches the global impact of African cultures and agriculture rooted in diversity at the university. His dissertation focuses on a self-regenerating plant species known as Laramie, a pasture legume that enriches soils and improves livestock nutrition and productivity.He translated the thesis into English and attached the translation to the original Gikuyu version.

Kenya’s Ngugi wa Thiong’o, currently the professor of English and comparative literature and director of the International Centre for Writing and Translation at the University of California in Irvine, says Mr Mbugwa’s thesis was written in standard Gikuyu.

He added that Mr Mbugwa has “almost single-handedly invented scientific Gikuyu language, thus proving that scientific research can be reported in an African language without loss of scientific content and value. It should prove an inspiring model for other African languages.”

Mr Mbugwa, a native of Mutunguru village in Gatundu District, also earned his masters degree in agriculture from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, by writing his master’s thesis in Gikuyu language. The thesis was on the effects of biointensive cropping with a focus on Kenyan collard greens.

His achievement demolishes the myth that our local languages cannot express modern concepts. All languages can develop new terms and structures as needed. Léopold Senghor, better known as a poet and first president of Senegal, showed this by translating Einstein’s Theory of Relativity into Wolof, his mother tongue.

Any language, as many linguistic experts have observed, can be “intellectualised” and developed through writing and publishing.

To promote local languages, UN agency Unesco proclaimed the International Mother Language Day — also called the International Mother Tongue Day — in November 1999. It has been observed since February 2000 to promote cultural diversity and multilingual education, among other things.

The day recognises the sanctity of all vernacular languages, promotes mother tongues and creates greater awareness of linguistic and cultural traditions. It recognises that mother tongues help to preserve and develop our heritage, and strengthen the unity and cohesion of our societies. It is part of Unesco’s drive to protect and preserve mother tongues.

Kenya, with as many languages as it has tribes, needs to observe the day with special interest. We need to preserve all our mother languages, for to lose them is to lose our cultural heritage.

The day is also a reminder that learners who are first taught through the medium of their mother tongue have a greater chance of scholastic success. It has been established through extensive research on mother tongue tuition in Africa and elsewhere.

Song and dance performances, seminars and discussions marked the International Mother Tongue Day celebrated in northeast Indian states along the India-Bangladesh border Saturday.
A large number of functions were held in Tripura, Assam and West Bengal to mark the Language Martyrs Day, which the Unesco declared as the International Mother Tongue Day in November 1999.

“As globalisation increases, languages die and, of course, English is the great ‘killer language’ because the media and the corporate sector use it. The 21st of February reminds us that despite this inequality of power between mother tongues and the languages of power, we must not give up hope,” said Tripura Information and Cultural Affairs Minister Anil Sarkar.

While speaking at a function at Akhaurah check post along Tripura’s India-Bangladesh border, Sarkar, a renowned poet, said: “We must be conscious of the significance of our mother tongues, which give us identity, which are repositories of culture and which, in the final analysis, make us what we are.”

Language Martyrs Day is marked in Bangladesh to commemorate those who died during protests Feb 21, 1952 against the then Pakistani government’s decision to name Urdu as the national language, despite East Pakistan’s (now Bangladesh’s) Bengali speaking majority.

Similar functions were also held in Karimganj and Silchar in southern Assam.

Silchar saw one of the uprisings in favour of the Bengali language in early 1960s. When the Assam government headed by Chief Minister Bimala Prasad Chaliha, passed a circular to make Assamese language mandatory, Bengalis of the Barak Valley (southern Assam) protested.

On May 19, 1961, the Assam police opened fire on unarmed protesters at the Silchar Railway Station in which 11 agitators died. After that, the popular revolt further strengthened, forcing the Assam government to withdraw the circular and Bengali was ultimately given official status in the three districts of southern Assam.

“The lesson to be learned from Ekushe (as Feb 21 is popularly known) is that there should be no suppression of the culture and language of any region. Moreover, and this is even more important, power and resources should be distributed by the centre in such a just, fair and equitable manner that languages do not become symbols of resistance,” said Mohammad Tariq Rahman, a leader of the Matribhasha Smaran Samity (mother tongue memorial organisation).





Int’l Mother Language Day observed in Paris
UNESCO Headquarters hosted celebrations on the occasion of International Mother Language Day this year, says a press release. The Director-General of UNESCO, Koïchiro Matsuura, opened the celebrations. Enamul Kabir, Ambassador of Bangladesh to France and Permanent Delegate to UNESCO, participated in the opening session.

As part of the celebration of International Mother Language Day, UNESCO presented a special exhibition of paintings, “Reflection/Narration: Where Are We Going?,” by Bangladeshi artists Monica Jahan Bose and Imtiaz Shohag.

Monica Jahan Bose is an artist and activist from Bangladesh who lives and works in Paris. Her paintings often incorporate passages of Bengali writing, in part as an expression of her intense attachment to her mother tongue. Many of her works navigate the confusion and complexity inherent in our multicultural world, and seek to question what is “home” and our conscious or unconscious longing for that place. Her “Mother Tongue” paintings explore her relationship with the Bangla (Bengali) language, as well as women's literacy and political issues in connection with the language. Though she was born in England and spent most of her life outside Bangladesh, she learned her mother tongue from her parents. She has also taught her mother tongue to her children. Her parents were involved in the struggle to make Bangla an official language in East Pakistan, which later became the independent nation of Bangladesh. The paintings include images of the Shaheed Minar, the symbol of Bangladesh's mother language movement. Her “Water” series also includes Bangla writing and comments on global warming in Bangladesh.

Imtiaj Shohag is a painter from Barisal, who currently resides in Paris. He received his BFA from the Institute of Fine Arts in Dhaka. He was awarded a scholarship to the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs in Paris and completed his MFA there. Many of his paintings reflect his roots in Bangladesh. His recent works focus on global warming and its impact on Bangladesh.


“Don’t neglect mother tongue”



Staff Reporter



Birth centenary of Narla Venkateswara Rao celebrated


VIJAYAWADA: Underscoring the need for making better use of Telugu language, Chairman of the Legislative Council A. Chakrapani on Saturday felt that there was a need to distribute ‘Telugu Shatakams’ in all the schools across the State and make students recite them every day. He advised parents and teachers to encourage children to speak in their mother tongue.

He was speaking as chief guest at the birth centenary celebrations of noted journalist and writer Narla Venkateswara Rao, organised jointly by Visakhapatnam-based Lok Nayak Foundation and the departments of Telugu and Journalism of Andhra University.

Negligence


Over 200 students from Telugu and Journalism departments of Andhra University visited Kowthavaram village, the native place of the late Narla, early in the day and later took out a procession on Mahatma Gandhi Road, which culminated in a public meeting at Montessori Mahila Kalasala.

Referring to the findings of the UNESCO, which said that Telugu language was becoming extinct, Mr. Chakrapani said that it was a result of the negligence shown by the Telugu-speaking people over the last few decades.

“We have to learn a lot from our neighbouring Tamilians and Kannadigas, who are protecting their mother tongue despite several challenges,” he observed.

Bharatiya Janata Party senior leader M. Venkaiah Naidu advised youngsters not to fall prey to the foreign culture and forget the importance of Indian culture.

He said the British had planned to destroy Indian culture to set up their empire here.

“We must respect our mother, motherland, mother tongue and mother nation,” he emphasised, adding there was a strong need to make teaching of Telugu language compulsory in all the schools in the State.

Editor of ‘Andhra Bhoomi’ Telugu daily M.V.R. Sastry said one could get many benefits by achieving proficiency in one’s mother tongue.

Fluency


“Fluency in mother tongue helps people learn foreign languages,” he observed.

Animal Husbandry Minister Mandali Buddha Prasad presided over the meeting. Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad, Chairman of the Andhra Pradesh Hindi Akademi and the Lok Nayak Foundation, Kolli Sarada, former chairperson of VGTM-UDA and daughter of the late Narla Venkateswara Rao, P. Bobby Vardhan, Head of the Department of journalism of Andhra University, V. Koteswaramma, director of the Montessori Educational Institutions, and others were present.



India, second fastest growing economy.

February 12, 2009


Text: Rediff Business Desk


It's not all gloom and doom for India. The advance estimates of national income released by the Central Statistical Organisation brings much hope for the ailing economy.

The Indian economy will see the second-fastest growth rate of 7.1 per cent for 2008-09, according to the advance estimates of the CSO.

These advance estimates are based on anticipated level of agricultural and industrial production, analysis of budget estimates of government expenditure and performance of key sectors like, railways, transport other than railways, communication, banking and insurance, available so far.

When Union Home Minister P Chidambaram held the finance portfolio, he had pegged India's growth rate in the current year at between 7 and 8 per cent. He had said that India would continue being the second fastest growing economy in the world despite the global economic slowdown.

Meanwhile, International Monetary Fund had predicted that India would grow at 7.8 per cent in 2008, and 6.3 per cent in 2009.

Source: Central Statistical Orgnisation

Bangla honours 13 people with 'language awards'

Dhaka , Feb 20 Bangladesh Premier Sheikh Hasina today honoured 13 persons with an award instituted in memory of&aposlanguage martyrs&apos, who were killed in 1950 demanding Bengali as state language in erstwhile West Pakistan.

The&apos Ekushey Padak-2009&aposaward coincides with the celebration of the UN International Mother Language Day.


" Ekushey is an shore anchor . The history of the Bengali nation would have been different had it not been for Ekushey," Hasina told the award giving ceremony.


Bangladesh offers the state-level award in memory of&apos Language Movement martyrs&apos, who were killed in police shootout on February 21, 1952 during street marches demanding Bengali be declared as the state language in the then Pakistan when Bangladesh was eastern part of the country.


" Bengali language is being corrupted. Speaking Bengali with English accent has to be stopped, Bengali has to be spoken like Bengali," Hasina said.


The award, carries Taka 40,000 in cash, a gold medal and a citation for contributions to different fields.

Candle vigil remembers those killed in Bengali language riots

19 February 2009
By April Welsh

A THOUSAND people are expected to turn up for a midnight candlelit vigil tomorrow night (Friday) to remember those killed in clashes in East Pakistan 57 years ago over using the Bengali language.

The vigil is being held in East London at Altab Ali Park, in the heart of Whitechapel's expatriate Bangladeshi community, from 11pm Friday until 12.30am Saturday. The Acting High Commissioner of Bangladesh and the Mayor of Tower Hamlets are laying wreaths, with visitors laying wreaths afterwards.

They are commemorating the students and activists who clashed with police in Dhaka on February 21, 1952, to protest against making Urdu the national language.

Many were killed in the clashes which are thought to have inspired the independence movement which ultimately led to the separate state of Bangladesh in 1971.

The Whitechapel vigil is one of many planned tomorrow across the world.
http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/advertiser/news/story.aspx?brand=ELAOnline&category=news&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newsela&itemid=WeED19%20Feb%202009%2020%3A25%3A13%3A603

Nothing political about Bhasha Divas function
21 Feb 2009, 0542 hrs IST, TNN


In the article published in the February 20 edition of TOI, titled Poll bugles to blow on Bhasha Divas', it had been written that a "Left-backed
programme" will be held at Curzon Park on February 21. We are amazed at this.

A portion of Curzon Park is now known as Bhasha Udyan. The Bhasha Shahid Smarak Samiti has, for the past 10 years, commemorated Bhasha Divas here. The samiti is a government-registered social and cultural organization, whose main aim is to promote the Bengali language and culture.

Eminent personalities such as Nirendranath Chakraborty, Sankha Ghosh, Sunil Gangopadhyay, Soumitra Chattopadhyay, Jogen Chowdhury, Bibhash Chakraborty, Suvaprasanna, Dibyendu Palit, Shyamalkanti Chakraborty and others are with our organization. We are not affiliated to any political party.
A file photo of foreign language dictionaries in Paris in 2006







©2009 Google - Terms of Use

2,500 languages threatened with extinction: UNESCO
2 days ago

PARIS (AFP) — The world has lost Manx in the Isle of Man, Ubykh in Turkey and last year Alaska's last native speaker of Eyak, Marie Smith Jones, died, taking the aboriginal language with her.

Of the 6,900 languages spoken in the world, some 2,500 are endangered, the UN's cultural agency UNESCO said Thursday as it released its latest atlas of world languages.

That represents a multi-fold increase from the last atlas compiled in 2001 which listed 900 languages threatened with extinction.

But experts say this is more the result of better research tools than of an increasingly dire situation for the world's many tongues.

Still there is disheartening news.

There are 199 languages in the world spoken by fewer than a dozen people, including Karaim which has six speakers in Ukraine and Wichita, spoken by 10 people in the US state of Oklahoma.

The last four speakers of Lengilu talk among themselves in Indonesia.

Prospects are a bit brighter for some 178 other languages, spoken by between 10 and 150 people.

More than 200 languages have become extinct over the last three generations such as Ubykh that fell silent in 1992 when Tefvic Esenc passed on, Aasax in Tanzania, which disappeared in 1976, and Manx in 1974.

India tops the list of countries with the greatest number of endangered languages, 196 in all, followed by the United States which stands to lose 192 and Indonesia, where 147 are in peril.

Australian linguist Christopher Moseley, who headed the atlas' team of 25 experts, noted that countries with rich linguistic diversity like India and the United States are also facing the greatest threat of language extinction.

Even Sub-Saharan Africa's melting pot of some 2,000 languages is expected to shrink by at least 10 percent over the coming century, according to UNESCO.

On UNESCO's rating scale, 538 languages are critically endangered, 502 severely endangered, 632 definitely endangered and 607 unsafe.

On a brighter note, Papua New Guinea, the country of 800 languages, the most diverse in the world, has only 88 endangered dialects.

Certain languages are even showing signs of a revival, like Cornish, a Celtic language spoken in Cornwall, southern England, and Sishee in New Caledonia.

Governments in Peru, New Zealand, Canada, the United States and Mexico have been successful in their efforts to prevent indigenous languages from dying out.

UNESCO deputy director Francoise Riviere applauded government efforts to support linguistic diversity but added that "people have to be proud to speak their language" to ensure it thrives.


Words of warning: 2,500 languages under threat worldwide as migrants head for city
Unesco unveils its first comprehensive database of
endangered tongues





From the tumultuous middle ages to the mid-20th century, Livonian flourished as the mother tongue of thousands in a province on the eastern Baltic coast. Invaders came and went; rulers were appointed and overthrown; but the odd-sounding linguistic hybrid that a minority of locals liked to speak held strong.

Then came the second world war, Nazi occupation and annexation by the Soviet Union. Native speakers of Livonian were displaced and their language assaulted by Russification. Now, from a population of almost 2,500 in the mid-1900s, the number of people who grew up with the language is at an all-time low: only one person now embodies centuries of history and culture.

Whether Livonian's disappearance is viewed stoically as a result of time passing or with horror as a consequence of globalisation, one thing is certain: it is not an unusual case. Yesterday, at its headquarters in Paris, Unesco unveiled its first comprehensive and online database of the world's endangered tongues. According to its team of specialists, there are around 2,500 languages at risk, including more than 500 considered "critically endangered" and 199 which have fewer than 10 native speakers.

"We as human beings should care about this in the same way as we should care about the loss of the world's variety of plants and animals, its biodiversity," said Christopher Moseley, editor-in-chief of the Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. "Because each language is a uniquely structured world of thought, with its own associations, metaphors, ways of thinking, vocabulary, sound system and grammar - all working together in a marvellous architectural structure which is so fragile that it could easily be lost forever."

The modern world plays its part. A once healthy language dies because its speakers shift allegiances to that of a bigger, more powerful group of people, and, while this can happen through political pressure and military force, it is now most often brought about by the flood of migration from the country to the city. Perhaps unsurprisingly, two of the countries where the risk is greatest are India and Brazil, which are undergoing rapid economic transformations. "[These trends] often bring about the loss of traditional ways of life and a strong pressure to speak a dominant language that is - or is perceived to be - necessary for full civic participation and economic advancement," said Unesco.

Other factors in a language's decline range from the community's own lack of pride in its heritage or a sudden rash of deaths of native speakers to the spread of so-called "killer" languages such as English, French or Spanish. But amid the gloom, there is some hope. A growing awareness of the need to save natural biodiversity has given an extra boost to the preservation movement. "Linguists are for the first time aware of just how many languages there are in the world and are coming to a better understanding of the forces that are attacking them ... and of ways to control those forces," said Moseley.

The world is seeing revival movements. Inspired by high-profile successes of the 20th century - chiefly the renaissance of Hebrew as Israel's national tongue but also the reclaiming of Welsh, Catalan and Breton - tribes and communities in the remotest corners of the globe are fighting for the right to converse as their ancestors did.

Ecuador's Andoa, a language spoken fluently by only 10 people, has been recently revived by its local people. So far they have collected around 150 words and are on the hunt for more.

There is no doubt that a country, with adequate state support and a willingness on the part of the people, can allow its languages to flourish independently of each other. Papua New Guinea is a shining example: although the nation with the greatest linguistic diversity on the planet, it has relatively few endangered tongues. Even Livonian, with its one native speaker, is being relearned on Latvia's Kurzeme peninsula and used by poets to write verses and parents to chat to their children.

What is crucial, said Moseley, is that moves are taken to protect a language. He advocates recording a language so that future generations can hear words no longer spoken. Ned Maddrell, for example, a fisherman from the Isle of Man, took his duties as the last speaker of Manx very seriously, recording various phrases before his death in 1974. Thus anyone desperate to ask a man named Joe "if the crabs are crawling" can learn the phrase, "Vel ny partanyn snaue, Joe?" And also understand at least one response: "Cha nel monney, cha nel monney. T'ad feer ghoan." ("Not much, not much. They're very scarce.")

Only one native speaker left
More than a dozen languages around the world have only one mother tongue speaker left. While some will die soon, others are the focus of the efforts by younger generations keen to revive their forebears' traditions.

Wintu-Nomlaki

A language divided into two main dialects - that of the Wintu people and Nomlaki people, both from the western Sacramento Valley in northern California. Although only one fluent speaker is recorded, there are several 'semi-speakers' thanks to the language's use in traditional stories.

Livonian

30,000 people spoke the language of the province of Livonia in the 13th century and, although speakers diminished over the years, there were still many of them until the second world war and its aftermath. Since Latvian independence there have been efforts to revitalise it.

Yahgan

Cristina Calderon of Ukika village on Chile's Navarino Island is the last speaker of the indigenous tongue of the Yagan people, but there is renewed interest in reviving the language. Yahgan was among the first South American languages to be recorded by European explorers and missionaries.

Kaixna

The only known living speaker of the language is reported by Unesco to be Raimundo Avelino, 78. The language of the 200-strong Kaixana people, who hail originally from a village near the banks of the river Japura in Brazil, has largely been replaced by Portuguese.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/feb/20/endangered-languages-unesco


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International Mother Language Day

February 21, is an important day for Bengalis, wherever they are, on this planet. Perhaps we can exclude some of those Bengalis who have been living away from West Bengal or Bangladesh and have grown up without studying the language.
CJ: Partha Sengupta , 2 hours ago Views:48 Comments:1
IN THE year 2000, UNESCO designated February 21, as International Mother Language Day. This designation is based on an event that took place in the year 1952. The event was called ’Language Movement’, which took place in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan). This day holds an important lesson for the present conflict-ridden society.

We all know that post-independence in 1947, Pakistan was comprised of two distinct pieces of geography, namely, West Pakistan (the present-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (the present-day Bangladesh). The year was 1948 and the Pakistani (read, West Pakistani) government decreed that Urdu would be the sole national language across the whole of Pakistan. The intention was to drive home the point that Urdu was the language associated with Islam.

In East Pakistan, Bengalis were a huge majority, (even when viewed as part of the whole of the then Pakistan) and they launched a massive movement against the decree. As usual, the Pakistani government let lose repression, by banning rallies, etc. This culminated in a fierce protest at the University of Dhaka. The government applied force - the police and military entered the university on February 21, 1952, opened fire and killed a large number of students. This event, along with a few others, influenced the history of Pakistan and led to the independence of Bangladesh.

The purpose of writing the article has nothing to do with my mother tongue, except for the fact that I have a better knowledge of the event (though it happened much before my birth).

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Neither does it support linguistic chauvinism, including renaming (which is a national waste). Today’s world must acknowledge that language and culture are dearer to human beings than religion. Germany has united and so has Vietnam but not Iraq and Iran.


India as such is lucky to have a potpourri of languages. The Indian government recognizes a number of Indian languages as official languages. It is not that India did not have a problem in this area. Many times in the past, many people protested ’imposition’ of Hindi, especially in the southern states. Fortunately, as polity evolved, such issues ebbed, although off and on some minor incidents do come to the surface.

Actually, the history of ’Language Movement’ or Bhasha Andolan or simply ’Ekushe February’ can be a guiding force and eye-opener in reducing conflicts. It may look like some kind of over-simplification to cite a historical event to solve the problems of a world that faces more complex problems but history can always be a great teacher.


http://www.merinews.com/catFull.jsp?articleID=15711804

Languages struggling for existence

By Amar Guriro

KARACHI: On the eve of the United Nations (UN) International Mother Language Day being celebrated today (Saturday), Sindhi language and linguistics experts insisted that the government and the general public give equal importance to global languages and regional languages.

Some of the language experts linked the extinction of regional languages to the economical crisis. “Due to the global economic crisis, a great number of people have been forced to migrate from rural areas to urban centres, where the language of business and communication is not their mother tongue. They have to adapt and communicate in the more popular languages of the urban centres, leaving their native tongue behind. Thus, if the economic crisis continues, it will entirely change the basis of mother languages, especially minor languages including Dhakti, Marwari, Gujarati, Kachi and Kalami,” said Dr Om Prakash, a Sindhi language expert. “I personally believe that the economic crisis will hit these languages first before major regional languages, including Sindhi.”

He added that this does not mean that the masses should not adopt and speak the popular languages of urban centres such as Urdu and English, however, while using these languages, they should preserve their regional mother tongue as well. Just like in other parts of the world, the UN International Mother Language Day for is being celebrated in Pakistan. The UN declared the day for mother languages as an international day in 1999 and since then the day has also been celebrated in Pakistan. Talking about the importance of languages, another Sindhi language expert and renowned columnist, Manzoor Mirani, said that besides the economic crisis, the environmental degradation is also affecting regional languages. “Due to the increasing population and the economic crises, several species of birds, animals and plants are disappearing from our land and, thus, the names of these species will not be a part of our languages anymore,” he said. He demanded that the federal government and the Government of Sindh should work to promote local and regional languages, enforce the existing laws for the preservation of these languages and should support all those institutions working for the preservation of local languages.

Renowned young intellectual, Masood Lohar, said that in today’s modern age, besides the importance of mother languages, universal and market languages such as English also have an importance that cannot be neglected. “A child can learn several languages at the same time, so it is necessary for parents to let their children learn global languages such as English beside their native language, otherwise, they will have a difficult time being successful in the future,” he said, adding that no one can deny the importance of international mainstream languages.

Despite the fact that is has been a while since Pakistan was established, regional languages of the four provinces that include Sindhi, Punjabi, Pashto, Balochi and Siraiki have not yet gotten a national status, whereas in Europe, India and other countries, there are several national languages.

“As a part of a planned conspiracy, the regional and local languages spoken by the vast majority were not given their due status,” said famous lawyer Ayaz Latif Palejo. Quoting Article 251 of the international declaration of human rights, he said that national language is protected but at the same time the declaration also guarantees the preservation and promotion of the mother language and culture of every person. He demanded that the government make amendments and declare at least six languages as national languages of Pakistan. He suggested that Sindhi, Punjabi, Pashto, Balochi and Siraiki, besides Urdu, be declared national languages. “Besides declaring these regional languages as national languages, the government must use these languages in state procedures and should amend civil court procedures to include these languages as well,” he added.

Anthropologist Ishaq Mangrio said that all the languages have equal importance and each language will grow with its own speed. He added that no one can marginalise regional languages.

Different organisations have planned to celebrate the International Mother Language Day to highlight the importance of mother languages. Sindhi Adabai Sangat, in collaboration with civil society organisations, has planned to commemorate the day throughout Sindh. It has planned a gathering of writers, social and political activists, intellectuals and individuals at the Culture Department Mumtaz Mirza Auditorium near the MPA hostel today (Saturday).

http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C02%5C21%5Cstory_21-2-2009_pg12_10

Commentary
‘Language Martyrs’


By Ricardo Ma. Nolasco, Ph.D.
Philippine Daily Inquirer
First Posted 02:29:00 02/21/2009

Filed Under: Language, Education


This Feb. 21 the world celebrates International Mother Language Day. The proclamation for its annual celebration was made by UNESCO in 1999 to encourage peoples worldwide to maintain their knowledge and use of the mother language as well as to learn other languages. Twenty-eight countries, including the Philippines, supported the UNESCO declaration.
In Bangladesh, Feb. 21 is known as Language Martyrs Day, to honor the students and intellectuals who died in 1952 when Bangladesh (then known as East Pakistan) resisted the imposition of Urdu as the sole national language. Protests demanding that Bangla be included as one of the state’s languages erupted countrywide. The state’s security forces responded by banning demonstrations. On Feb. 21, 1952, police opened fire at a peaceful rally in Dhaka, killing several students. The language movement resulted in the recognition of Bangla as an official language in 1956 and culminated in the 1971 war of liberation which led to Bangladesh independence from Pakistan.
In the Philippines, the first real celebration of International Mother Language Day was held in February 2008 at a language forum at the University of the Philippines’ College of Education. At that forum, I called upon Congress to abandon moves to install English as the sole medium of instruction in Philippine schools. I batted for the use of the mother tongue in the elementary grades in order to develop the child’s cognitive skills and to provide a solid foundation towards learning in Filipino and English in the higher grades. Rep. Magtanggol Gunigundo responded to this call by proposing House Bill 3719 also known as the Multilingual Education and Literacy Bill. It is the only language-in-education bill so far which is backed up by international and local research and experience and not by intuition and personal anecdotes.
The issue of language in education in the Philippines is a learning issue and a very urgent one. Filipino children are not learning because they cannot understand what the teacher is saying. The language in school is not their language.
Based on the Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) of 2003, out of 57.59 million Filipinos, aged 10-64, there were:
• 5.24 million who could not read and write
• 7.83 million who could not read, write and compute
• 18.37 million who could not read, write, compute and comprehend.
The functional illiteracy rate among the poor is even more alarming. Almost one out of two poor people (46 percent) cannot understand what they are reading, according to 2003 FLEMMS figures.
Inability to read and understand largely explains poor performance, low retention, and low learning outcomes in high school. For instance, from 2004-2006, the overall performance of fourth year high school students remained stagnant at around 45 percent, with marginal gains in Science and Mathematics and a drop of two percentage points for English.
Yet many people still insist that English should become the medium of instruction. They recount the good old days when their American mentors or products of the American system taught them the three Rs. The fact is the education system under the American regime favored the elite. Those who managed to complete the education cycle were mostly children from well-to-do families, or with truly gifted minds. According to Dr. Manuel Carreon, citing figures at the end of the 1930s, around 27.42 percent or about one-fourth of the children in the primary schools reached Grade 5; 72.58 percent or nearly three-fourths of the primary school children could attend only one or two, or three or, at most, four grades.
If we consider the money wasted on dropouts, repeaters and failures, studies show that second language-based education systems are more costly than mother tongue (language)-based (MLE) systems. A Guatemalan study showed that it is more expensive to produce a grade level passer (in Grades 1-6) in a Spanish medium school ($6,013) than in a Mayan school ($4,496). In Mali, a World Bank study found that French-only programs cost about 8 percent less than mother tongue schooling, but cost 27 percent more because of the difference in dropout and repetition rates.
Producing instructional materials in many languages can be expensive if produced in full color, glossy pages. The successful MLE experiences in Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Kenya, Ethiopia, Cameroon and the Philippines prove that teacher-made cardboard covered books, with simple black-and-white drawings, are acceptable and just as effective in early primary education. In Papua New Guinea, the national government moved the materials development process to the communities themselves. This way, the communities themselves produced instructional materials in half of their 800 local languages.
Back here, the University of the Philippines’ College of Education, the Summer Institute of Linguistics, the Department of Education and education stakeholders are working together to help enable teachers and communities to produce their own materials in their own languages.
Dr. Ricardo Ma. Nolasco is an associate professor of the Department of Linguistics, University of the Philippines, Diliman; a board member of the Linguistic Society of the Philippines; and the adviser for multilingual education initiatives of the Foundation for Worldwide People Power.



Copyright 2009 Philippine Daily Inquirer. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/columns/view/20090221-190172/Language-Martyrs




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CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES
AND
REGIONAL LANGUAGE CENTRES
ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES
2004-05



I CENTERS

1 CENTRE FOR TRIBAL AND ENDANGERED LANGUAGES

PROJECTS

Sl.No. Name of the Programme Date Place Co-ordinators
1.1 Survey on Tribal and Endangered Languages in Uttaranchal for mother tongue Education - Phase I,
Aug 2004 - Jan. 2005 Uttaranchal K.Kapfo
1.2 Survey on Tribal & Endangered Languages in Chattisgarh for mother tongue education - Phase I,
Aug 2004 - Jan. 2005 Chattisgarh K.Kapfo
1.3 Survey on Tribal and Endangered Languages in Jharkhand for mother tongue Education – Phase II,
May - Nov. 2004 Jharkhand (K.Kapfo/
Ms.Talat Zahir)



WORKSHOPS

Sl.No. Name of the Programme Date Place Co-ordinators
1.4 Workshop for Haryanvi Writers in collaboration with Haryana Sahitya Akademy, Chandigarh,
June 15 – 20, 2004 Chandigarh J.C.Sharma
1.5 Workshop on Framing of syllabus in Bodo as Mother Tongue subject,
dates to be decided Kokharajhar,Assam K.Kapfo
1.6 Workshop on Preparation of School Grammar in Bodo,
July 2004 Kokharajhar,Assam (K.Kapfo,
RP: Y. Sridhar Reddy,
G.D.P. Sastry)
1.7 Workshop on Framing of Mother Tongue Syllabus for Jharkhand, Sep 2004 Ranchi, Jharkhand (K.Kapfo,
RP: Y. Sridhar Reddy,
G.D.P. Sastry)
1.8 Workshop on Preparation of Primers in Galo, Phase II, Oct 2004 Mysore, Karnataka (G.D.P.Sastry, RP: K. Kapfo, Y.Sridhar Reddy)
1.9 Workshop on Framing Mother Tongue syllabus for Arunachal Pradesh, Oct 2004 Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh (G.D.P.Sastry, RP: K. Kapfo, Y.Sridhar Reddy)
1.10 Workshop on Framing of Mother Tongue Syllabus for Tripura, June – July, 2004 Tripura K. Kapfo
1.11 Workshop on Preparation of Mother Tongue Text book for Tripura,
June – July, 2004 Tripura K. Kapfo
1.12 Workshop on Preparation of School Grammar, dates to be decided place to be decided R. Elangaiyan
1.13 Workshop on Framing of Syllabus in Mahal Language for teaching in schools, dates to be decided place to be decided R. Elangaiyan
1.14 Data Entry in Kheza-English-Hindi Dictionary, May 2004 – March 2005 Mysore, Karnataka K. Kapfo
1.15 Workshop on Technical Terminology for Kurukh Grammar in collaboration with Kurukh Language and Literature Society, Ranchi, Jharkhand R. Elangaiyan



SEMINAR/CONFERENCESWORKSHOPS

Sl.No. Name of the Programme Date Place Co-ordinators
1.16 National Seminar on Subject & Topic in Indian Languages,
August 2004 Mysore, Karnataka G.D.P.Sastry
1.17 National Seminar on Language Attrition,
dates to be decided place to be decided Y.Sridhar Reddy



TRAINING/ORIENTATION PROGRAMMES

Sl.No. Name of the Programme Date Place Co-ordinators
1.18 Orientation Programme for Language Officers of Sikkim,
2nd to 16th June 2004 Gangtok, Sikkim (Y.Sridhar Reddy,
RP : J.C.Sharma, K. Kapfo, G.D.P. Sastry)
1.19 Refresher Course for Teacher Educators of English and Mother Tongue,
Feb - March 2005 Kohima, Nagaland K. Kapfo



FIELD WORKS

Sl.No. Name of the Programme Date Place Co-ordinators
1.20 Field Work on Tagin of Arunachal Pradesh,
Jan – Feb 2005 Arunachal Pradesh Y.Sridhar Reddy

1.21 Field Work on Monpa of Arunachal Pradesh,
Jan – Feb 2005 Arunachal Pradesh G.D.P. Sastry
1.22 Field Work on Wancho of Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh,
Jan – Feb 2005 Arunachal Pradesh K. Kapfo






Copyright © 2005. Central Institute of Indian Languages. All rights reserved worldwide.


1. WHAT IS NATIVE TONGUE AND MOTHER TONGUE
Posted on 26 Jan '08 | 5 Answer(s)

2. Everybody has a Mother tongue. but why no father tongue
Posted on 31 Jul '07 | 6 Answer(s)

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University of Hyderabad
Hence the University of Hyderabad proposes the Creation of A Centre for Endangered Languages & Mother Tongue Studies to take up the task of Recovery, Collection and Collation ...
http://www.uohyd.ernet.in/academic/specialized_centres/mother_tongue/index.html



Central Institute of Indian Languages
Survey on Tribal and Endangered Languages in Uttaranchal for mother tongue Education - Phase I,
http://www.ciil.org/Main/Academic%20Calendar/page2.htm#Center1



Foundation For Endangered Languages - Conference proceedings
The Learning of Endangered Mother Tongue Languages of Minority, Immigrant Communities in Multilingual Contexts: the Case of Malayalam in Malaysia - Mohana Nambiar and ...
http://www.ogmios.org/proceedings/proceed2008.htm



Global Language Viability
7.5.2 Bilingualism may not lead to extinction of the mother tongue. A preliminary endangered language report for Guatemala says the Lanquin Q'eqchi' children are ...
http://www.sil.org/sociolx/ndg-lg-grimes.html



Foundation For Endangered Languages.
Appeals, News and Views from Endangered Communities. Mother Tongue Education for Social Inclusion and Conflict Resolution - B. K. Rana As provisioned in the Constitution the ...
http://www.ogmios.org/ogmios_files/204.htm



The Atlas of Canada - Aboriginal Languages
... shows information for Aboriginal communities with a minimum mother tongue ... Canada's Aboriginal languages are among the most endangered in the world.
http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/peopleandsociety/lang/aboriginallanguages/1



Endangered Languages
What is an endangered language? Endangered languages are languages that are on the brink ... known language and may cause them, especially the young, to stop using their mother tongue.
http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/november/endangered.html



List of endangered languages - Wikipedia, the free ...
On the other hand, while there are 30,000 Ladin speakers left, almost all children still learn it as their mother tongue, thus Ladin is not endangered in the 21st century.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages



Many pies: Predictive text and mother tongue
I have my fingers in many pies: IT/techie/charity/non profit/nptech/mission stuff
http://manypies.blogspot.com/2009/01/predictive-text-and-endangered.html



Endangered Language Groups
moribund: 'languages no longer being learned as mother-tongue by children' (4); endangered: 'languages which, though now still being learned by children, will--if the present ...
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Endangered! 130 languages under threat in Russia
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20 February, 2009, 20:36

Over 130 languages in Russia are in danger of extinction and 20 of them are already dead, according to UNESCO.

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The organisation measured the viability of languages by nine criteria, including the total number of speakers, the passing-on of language between generations, and the availability of materials for language education and literacy. The researchers also rate a community’s attitude towards their own language.

Languages are classified into six categories: safe, unsafe, definitely endangered, severely endangered, critically endangered and extinct.

According to UNESCO’s research, the majority of severely and critically endangered languages in Russia were once spoken in Siberia and the country’s Far East. Definitely endangered languages are still spoken in southern Russia and the Caucasus, Urals and Russia’s North.

Twenty languages have already been declared extinct. Among them are Arman, Kerek and Ainu in Russia’s Far East; Soyot and Kamas in Siberia; Karelian in the North West.

Almost 50 languages have been declared on the brink of extinction, including Kalmyk, Udmurt and Yiddish. Twenty more languages, including Belarus, Chechen, Yakut and Tuva are also endangered.

Udmurt, Kalmyk, Yakut, Tuva and Chechen languages are considered to be state languages of Russian Federative republics.

In total, UNESCO recognised 2,500 threatened languages out of 6,000 existing languages in the world; 199 languages are listed as being spoken by groups of fewer than ten people. In the last few decades, approximately 200 languages have completely disappeared.


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Aishwarya Rai Bachchan plays Sita Merinews
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Kolkata East-West Metro to go under river Hooghly
Hindu, India - 29 minutes ago
Kolkata (IANS): The proposed East-West Metro Railway (EWMR) in Kolkata would cross the Hooghly river 32 metres below the water level. ...
Kolkata shopping malls, multiplexes told to tighten security
Hindu, India - 21 hours ago
KOLKATA: City police commissioner Goutam Mohan Chakrabarti on Saturday urged shopping malls and multiplexes to tighten security. Citing instances in Israel, ...
City police chief asks malls to step up security, says they are ... Kolkata Newsline
Malls lack proper security, says police chief Thaindian.com
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Kolkata woman foils dacoity at home
Times of India, India - 15 hours ago
KOLKATA: A middle-aged woman fought off a gang of armed robbers on Saturday evening when they tried to enter her house on Prince Anwar Shah Road. ...

Times Online David mulls going Ricky way
Calcutta Telegraph, India - 18 hours ago
Melbourne: Kolkata Knight Riders could be in for trouble after explosive batsman David Hussey revealed that he could follow Ricky Ponting’s path and stay ...
Ponting's absence will not affect IPL: Modi NDTV.com
Kolkata pour cold water on rumours Ponting was facing IPL punt Sydney Morning Herald
Waugh welcomes Ponting’s Decision of Country above IPL Cricket360
BreakingNewsOnline. - Cricket360
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Sify Pranab promises more investment in infrastructure, rural development
Economic Times, India - 3 hours ago
KOLKATA: External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee on Sunday stressed the need for stimulating domestic demand and supply to overcome the economic slowdown ...
Demand, supply should be increased to offset slowdown: Pranab Livemint
Pakistan reluctant to hand over Mumbai terror suspects: Mukherjee Thaindian.com
Pakistan still in denial mode: Mukherjee The News International
all 348 news articles »
Roghan art on display in painting exhibition in Kolkata
Newstrack India, India - 5 hours ago
Kolkata, Feb.22 (ANI): Not many may know, today there are only six living practitioners of the intricate 'Roghan' fabric painting tradition in the world, ...
Major traffic disruptions in Kolkata
Hindu, India - 19 Feb 2009
KOLKATA: Traffic movement in the city was severely disrupted for at least an hour on Thursday because of roadblocks and processions taken out by supporters ...
Trinamool rally triggers traffic chaos in city Times of India
Trinamool Congress resorts to road blockade Indopia
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Calcutta Telegraph West Bengal CM Buddhadeb shown black flags by Trinamool Congress
Times of India, India - 8 hours ago
22 Feb 2009, 1243 hrs IST, PTI KOLKATA: West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee was on Sunday shown black flags by women activists of Trinamool ...
“We have to help small units too” Hindu
We will work to defeat Cong, BJP in LS poll: Buddhadeb SamayLive
West Bengal CM shown black flags by Trinamool Congress women activists Thaindian.com
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Calcutta Telegraph Buddha, Pranab slam Mamata's stance
Times of India, India - 15 hours ago
BEHRAMPORE/DURGAPUR/KOLKATA: Both Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee and Pranab Mukherjee on Saturday sang a similar pro-development tune and asked Trinamool Congress ...
Pranab snubs Mamata Press Trust of India
Mamata to set up martyrs memorial, beautify park with MPLAD Indopia
Biman counters Mamata, Pranab mum The Statesman
Thaindian.com - Press Trust of India
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Calcutta Telegraph West Bengal CM Buddhadeb shown black flags by Trinamool Congress
Times of India, India - 8 hours ago
22 Feb 2009, 1243 hrs IST, PTI KOLKATA: West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee was on Sunday shown black flags by women activists of Trinamool ...
“We have to help small units too” Hindu
Buddhadeb promises 'jobs for all' before polls Business Standard
West Bengal CM shown black flags by Trinamool Congress women activists Thaindian.com
SteelGuru - Indopia
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Calcutta Telegraph West Bengal will get NSG hub soon
Hindu, India - 20 Feb 2009
KOLKATA: Director General of National Security Guards (NSG) JK Dutt said here on Friday expressed the hope that the NSG hub proposed for West Bengal would ...
Wary Bengal clears decks for NSG's eastern hub Daily News & Analysis
West Bengal Soon To Have Country’s Second NSG Hub TopNews
NSG chief holds talks over force hub in West Bengal Thaindian.com
Calcutta Telegraph - Indian Express
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Calcutta Telegraph Pranab scoffs 'self-created' obstacles in development in WB
Press Trust of India, India - 2 hours ago
Kolkata, Feb 22 (PTI) West Bengal Congress president Pranab Mukherjee today obliquely reprimanded Trinamool Congress chief Mamata Banerjee for opposing ...
Is Bengal the soft underbelly of unclear statistics? IBNLive.com
Mamata accuses CPI (M) of vote-bank politics Newstrack India
Pranab, Buddhadeb share dais, criticise Mamata Thaindian.com
Calcutta Telegraph - Press Trust of India
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Visit Bulgaria India's West Bengal reports fresh bird flu outbreak
Canada.com, Canada - 13 hours ago
The latest outbreak of the virus in poultry is the fourth in the state of West Bengal since 2007. Bird flu first broke out in India in 2006. ...
Fresh bird flu scare in Nepal after lull Thaindian.com
all 41 news articles »

BBC News Fears of 'toxic' West Bengal fish
BBC News, UK - 20 Feb 2009
By Amitabha Bhattasali Alarming levels of toxic mercury have been found in fish in the Indian state of West Bengal, experts say. ...
Bengal government tries again to get back Maidan land
Business Standard, India - 21 hours ago
Efforts to acquire land have put the West Bengal government in trouble a number of times in the past. This time, it has entered into a renewed tussle with ...
Trinamool calls Pranab spokesman of CPI-M
Hindustan Times, India - 23 minutes ago
Stung by External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee's oblique criticism of West Bengal's opposition leader Mamata Banerjee, her Trinamool Congress Sunday ...
Kolkata East-West Metro to go under river Hooghly
Hindu, India - 30 minutes ago
The project, a joint venture of the central and the West Bengal governments, will get Rs.11.69 billion from the centre and the state government will provide ...
Why politicians pitch for Ganguly
Daily News & Analysis, India - 13 hours ago
"The West Bengal government definitely wants that he (Sourav) should step into politics and when I was in Lucknow, some minister who was there said that he ...
CPI names LS candidates, plans to contest 50 seats
Hindustan Times, India - 23 minutes ago
The party announced eight candidates in Uttar Pradesh, six in Bihar, three each in West Bengal and Maharashtra, two each in Rajasthan, Orissa and Punjab, ...


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Languages of India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
10 Feb 2009 ... The languages of India belong to several major linguistic families, the two largest being the Indo-European languages---Indo-Aryan (spoken ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_India - 116k - Cached - Similar pages -
Languages with official status in India - Wikipedia, the free ...
United Kingdom, Foreign and Commonwealth Office: India—Country Profile. Quote: "The official language of India is Hindi written in the Devanagari script and ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_languages_of_India - 197k - Cached - Similar pages -
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Language in India
Monthly online journal devoted to the study of the languages spoken in the Indian sub-continent.
www.languageinindia.com/ - 33k - Cached - Similar pages -
Language in India
7 Nov 2001 ... Presented below is an alphabetical abstract of languages and the mother tongues with strength of 10, 000 and above at the all India level, ...
www.languageinindia.com/nov2001/1991Languages.html - 12k - Cached - Similar pages -
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India: Languages and Scripts
Samples of ancient inscriptions and scripts of many Indian languages.
www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/scripts.html - 36k - Cached - Similar pages -
India Language, Indian Language, Indian Languages
Get acquainted with Indian languages, their ancestry, and official status here. There are 22 official languages and 407 living languages of India.
www.mapsofindia.com/culture/indian-languages.html - 34k - Cached - Similar pages -
Languages of India, Indian Languages Map
Principal Languages of India, map of Indian languages, Indian languages map, map of India languages.
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Facts about India-Indian languages
Facts about India -Languages- 22 officially recognised languages,List of languages recognized by the Indian Constitution.
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Indian Languages, Languages Of India, Major Languages Spoken In ...
Indian Languages, Languages Of India, Major Languages Spoken In India, Different Languages Of India.
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Ethnologue report for India
List of languages of India. ... [See also SIL publications on the languages of India.] Republic of India, Bharat. 1065070607. Indo-Aryan 777361000, 76%; ...
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Scholarly articles for language politics in india
Nehru and the Language Politics of India - King - Cited by 48
Language Conflict and National Development: Group ... - Dasgupta - Cited by 95
Language, Religion And Politics in North India - Brass - Cited by 252


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Language Politics in India: Four Snapshots
Language Politics in India: Four Snapshots. (English version of a talk delivered during the World Esperanto Congress, Florence, Italy 2006) A Giridhar RAO ...
www.geocities.com/agrao99/docs/lang-pol-india.htm - 21k - Cached - Similar pages -
Nehru and the Language Politics of India. | Journal of ...
Nehru and the Language Politics of India. from Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, The in Arts provided by Find Articles.
findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3504/is_200007/ai_n8303222 - 32k - Cached - Similar pages -
Oxford University Press: Language and Politics in India: Asha Sarangi
"This volume makes a major contribution to our understanding of the relationship between language and politics in contemporary India. ...
www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Politics/ComparativePolitics/IndiaPakistan/?view=usa&ci=9780195697865 - 32k - Cached - Similar pages -
Language, Religion, and Politics in North India - Paul R. Brass
Elite interests, popular passions, and social power in the language politics of India Text of article published in Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 27 (No. ...
paulbrass.com/language__religion__and_politics_in_north_india_19561.htm - 21k - Cached - Similar pages -
The Constitution and Language Politics of India/edited by B.V.R. Rao
"The book The Constitution and Language Politics of India gives a detailed picture of the language controversies that engulfed the country during the first ...
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Constitution Language Politics Of India: Rao Bvr: Buy Book in ...
Buy Constitution Language Politics Of India in India. Price:Rs.570 Discount:5% + Free Shipping on 8176463477 Constitution Language Politics Of India.
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OUP : Academic Books - Language and Politics in India
Language and Politics in India. Editor(s) : Asha Sarangi. 9780195697865, Hardback November 2008. How to Order. Forthcoming ...
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Bagchee.com: The Constitution and Language Politics of India ...
Bagchee.com: The Constitution and Language Politics of India: Books: BVR Rao (ed.) by BVR Rao (ed.)
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Amazon.com: Nehru and the Language Politics of India: Robert D ...
Amazon.com: Nehru and the Language Politics of India: Robert D. King: Books. ... In an age fraught with mass cynicism of politics in advanced liberal ...
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Official language of India
One of the main political issues in Indian politics is connected to language problem. After India’s independence the government decided that the official ...
adaniel.tripod.com/Languages2.htm - 14k - Cached - Similar pages -
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